Test Automation

Test Automation

Automation Frameworks

Selenium WebDriver

• Open-source browser automation tool.
• Simulates user actions like clicking, navigating, and entering text.
• Locators include: ID, name, class_name, xpath, CSS_selector.

Example Code (Python):

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time

# Step 1: Set up WebDriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # Replace 'Chrome' with the browser of your choice
driver.get("https://example.com/login")  # Navigate to the login page

# Step 2: Locate elements and interact with them
try:
    # Enter username
    username_field = driver.find_element(By.ID, "username")  # Replace with actual ID
    username_field.send_keys("testuser")
    
    # Enter password
    password_field = driver.find_element(By.ID, "password")  # Replace with actual ID
    password_field.send_keys("password123")
    
    # Click the login button
    login_button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "loginButton")  # Replace with actual ID
    login_button.click()
    
    # Step 3: Validate login success
    time.sleep(3)  # Wait for the page to load
    assert "Dashboard" in driver.title, "Login failed: Dashboard title not found"
    print("Test Passed: Login successful!")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Test Failed: {e}")
finally:
    driver.quit()  # Clean up

---

Cypress

• Modern testing framework for frontend and single-page web applications.
• Features:
  • Runs directly in the browser.
  • Automatic waiting.
  • Built with Node.js.

Example Code (Javascrip):

describe('Login Test', () => {
  it('should log in with valid credentials', () => {
    // Step 1: Visit the login page
    cy.visit('https://example.com/login'); // Replace with the actual login page URL

    // Step 2: Interact with the login form
    cy.get('#username') // Replace '#username' with the actual ID of the username field
      .type('testuser'); // Enter the username

    cy.get('#password') // Replace '#password' with the actual ID of the password field
      .type('password123'); // Enter the password

    cy.get('#loginButton') // Replace '#loginButton' with the actual ID of the login button
      .click(); // Click the login button

    // Step 3: Validate successful login
    cy.url().should('include', '/dashboard'); // Verify the URL includes '/dashboard'
    cy.contains('Welcome').should('be.visible'); // Verify the 'Welcome' message is displayed
  });
});

---

Playwright

• Open-source framework for modern browser automation.
• Supports multiple languages and cross-browser testing.
• Features:
  • Auto-waiting.
  • Cross-browser compatibility.
  • Node.js-based.

Example Code (Javascrip):

// Import Playwright Test
const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test');

// Define the test
test.describe('Login Test', () => {
  test('should log in with valid credentials', async ({ page }) => {
    // Step 1: Navigate to the login page
    await page.goto('https://example.com/login'); // Replace with the actual login page URL

    // Step 2: Interact with the login form
    await page.fill('#username', 'testuser'); // Replace '#username' with the actual ID of the username field
    await page.fill('#password', 'password123'); // Replace '#password' with the actual ID of the password field
    await page.click('#loginButton'); // Replace '#loginButton' with the actual ID of the login button

    // Step 3: Validate successful login
    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/dashboard/); // Verify the URL contains '/dashboard'
    await expect(page.locator('text=Welcome')).toBeVisible(); // Verify the 'Welcome' message is displayed
  });
});

---

Test Scripting

Writing and Maintaining Automation Scripts

• Writing Test Cases:
  • Follow a structured approach: Setup → Test Steps → Assertion → Breakdown.
• Maintaining Test Cases:
  • Modularize code into reusable functions and modules.
  • Use the Page Object Model (POM) to separate object locators from testing logic.
  • Employ dynamic waits.
  • Use version control and regularly update scripts.

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Data-Driven, Keyword-Driven, and Hybrid Frameworks

• Data-Driven Framework:
  • Test data is stored externally (e.g., in Excel or JSON) and fetched by the script for execution.
• Keyword-Driven Framework:
  • Allows engineers with limited coding knowledge to write test cases by creating reusable functions for actions.
• Hybrid Framework:
  • Combines the benefits of data-driven and keyword-driven frameworks.

---

Page Object Model (POM) and TestNG/JUnit Structure

• Page Object Model (POM):
  • Creates an abstraction layer between UI elements and test scripts.
• TestNG/JUnit:
  • Frameworks used for organizing and executing test cases.